Acesulfame potassium, often referred to as Acesulfame K, is a calorie-free sweetener that is around 200 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). It is commonly used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products, including soft drinks, desserts, and sugar-free gum. Acesulfame K is heat-stable, making it suitable for use in cooking and baking. It passes through the body without being metabolized, so it contributes no calories.

Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener used in a variety of food and beverage products. It is about 200 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Aspartame is composed of two amino acids, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine, and is metabolized in the body. It's commonly used in sugar-free or "diet" products, including soft drinks, desserts, and sugar-free gum. People with phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare genetic disorder, need to avoid aspartame because they cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly.

Mannitol is a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sugar substitute and sweetener. It is about 60-70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar) but contains fewer calories. Mannitol is often used in sugar-free and "diet" products, including chewing gum, candies, and diabetic-friendly foods. In addition to its sweetening properties, mannitol has the characteristic of providing a cooling sensation when it dissolves in the mouth, making it useful in certain confectionery applications.

Neotame is an artificial sweetener that is a derivative of aspartame. It is chemically similar but is modified to make it much sweeter. Neotame is approximately 7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Like aspartame, it is used as a low-calorie sweetener in a variety of food and beverage products. Neotame is heat-stable, making it suitable for use in cooking and baking. It has no calories and does not contribute to tooth decay.

Sucralose is a no-calorie artificial sweetener that is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). It is commonly used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products, including soft drinks, baked goods, and sugar-free desserts. Sucralose is heat-stable, making it suitable for use in cooking and baking. It passes through the body without being metabolized, so it provides sweetness without contributing calories.

Trehalose is a disaccharide sugar composed of two glucose molecules linked together. It is a natural sugar found in various organisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and some plants. Trehalose has the ability to protect cell structures from dehydration and other environmental stresses, making it a unique sugar in terms of its functional properties.