Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in various metabolic processes in the body. It is important for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids. Biotin is also involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and the maintenance of healthy hair, skin, and nails. While biotin deficiencies are rare, the vitamin is often included in dietary supplements and is a common ingredient in products promoting hair and nail health.

Calcium D-pantothenate is a form of vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid. This compound is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the body. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A, which plays a crucial role in various biochemical reactions.

Instant Bcaa is a micronized and instantised powder for preparing/mixing into sports drinks or shakes. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine and valine, combined in the advantageous 3:1:1 ratio, belong to the essential amino acids which the body cannot produce itself. Your body can use BCAAs to build muscle protein and produce energy. They may also have an effect on your brain that reduces fatigue. BCAAs make up a large chunk of the body’s total amino acid pool.

Vitamin A acetate 325/500 CWS (Cold Water Soluble) is a form of vitamin A that is often used in food and dietary supplements. It is a dry powder form, and the CWS designation indicates its solubility in cold water. Vitamin A is crucial for various physiological functions, including vision, immune system support, and skin health. The acetate form is a stable ester of vitamin A.

Vitamin A palmitate 250/500 CW (Cold Water) is a form of vitamin A commonly used in food fortification and dietary supplements. It is a dry powder, and the CW designation indicates its solubility in cold water. Vitamin A palmitate is an ester formed from retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid. The specified concentrations (250/500) refer to the amount of vitamin A in the powder, usually measured in retinol equivalents.

Vitamin B2 is also known as riboflavin, not thiamine. Thiamine is actually Vitamin B1. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in energy metabolism. It is essential for the conversion of food into energy and the maintenance of healthy skin, eyes, and nerve functions. Riboflavin is found in various foods such as dairy products, meat, green leafy vegetables, and nuts.

Vitamin B3 exists in two main forms: niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide (nicotinamide). Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and skin health. Niacinamide is often used in skincare products for its potential benefits in reducing inflammation and supporting overall skin health. Additionally, niacinamide is involved in the synthesis of certain coenzymes essential for various physiological processes in the body.

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for a range of bodily functions. It plays a key role in amino acid metabolism, the formation of neurotransmitters, and the synthesis of hemoglobin. Pyridoxine is involved in the conversion of food into energy and is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

Vitamin D2 100/500 CW refers to a form of vitamin D known as ergocalciferol. The numbers 100/500 indicate the concentration of vitamin D2 in the product, commonly measured in international units (IU) or micrograms. This form of vitamin D is derived from ergosterol, a compound found in fungi and yeast. Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus in the body, playing a crucial role in bone health.

Vitamin D3 100/500 CWS refers to a form of vitamin D known as cholecalciferol. The numbers 100/500 indicate the concentration of vitamin D3 in the product, commonly measured in international units (IU) or micrograms. Cholecalciferol is the natural form of vitamin D produced in the skin in response to sunlight exposure and is also found in certain animal-based food sources.

Vitamin E 50% refers to a supplement or ingredient containing 50% tocopherols, which are a group of compounds with vitamin E activity. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. The 50% designation typically indicates the concentration of the active vitamin E compounds in the product, measured as a percentage of the total weight.

Vitamin K1 5%/10% refers to a supplement or ingredient containing either 5% or 10% of vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone. This designation indicates the concentration of the active vitamin K1 compound in the product, measured as a percentage of the total weight. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone health.